Hi Shelley
He's clearly not happy about these 40 min naps.
Having Daddy go away for work could be upsetting his routine, too young to understand why Daddy isn't there, old enough to know Daddy suddenly isn't about. Did the short naps coincide with DH going away do you think?
Any other things that could be disturbing him at the transition do you think? Teething pain (any white caps showing? Is he batting at his ears, drooling?), reflux pain (have you had the meds dosage checked recently? Does he seem refluxy or in pain?), have you introduced solids recently or increased the variety of foods? Any gas/constipation? Anyone in regular contact have a cold that he might have caught?
Sorry to ask so many questions, it seems to me you have a good sleeper there but something is clearly bothering him enough for him to come fully awake at the transition into the next cycle and I don't think that a slight A increase would be disruptive enough, you've gone very slowly with it so I doubt he could be disturbed by this.
Have you tried to help him through the transition? Maybe go in at 35 min and prepare to shush/pat (or whatever your adapted version might be to help sooth) him into the next cycle as soon as you see he is struggling to do it alone.
xx