I just hunted out a paranting magazine article that a bit of it I thought might interest you Kimberley.
"...toddlers have the ability to form strong sleep associations (BW = prop), the problem you described (14mo not being able to sleep anywhere but own cot) is a common one as your little one has learnt to associate sleep with the cot environment rather than poratable associations. Associations that make it difficult for parents are ones such as bottles, rocking or patting to sleep or even telling a child "here is your nice cosy bed, ready for you to sleep"... Changing habits can be difficult but I (author) have found that simple verbal cues form the strongest long term results.... now you ask if verbal cues are good, why can "here is your nice cosy bed, ready for you to sleep" be an association? Quite simply because it draws attention to the environment which can't always be replicated.
When I teach toddlers sleep, I use stories and kissing a soft toy (which I tuck into bed too) & saying goodnight to it and the child and the simple message "sleep time now". If the child stands up a lot, a message "time to lie down" is also important & helping them lie down if needed.
Many people suggest no verbal interaction with children after lights out, but I have found when responding to night waking, repeating the same simple message from bed time is important as they are learning those rules & that they will be repeated, but that should be the only converstaion that is repeated. (she then goes on to describe a method rather like pd & wi/wo when the child is calm... ie responding to the needs, but not interacting when calm)"
Intererestingly I found that after Liam got his molars, I had set up an association with me cuddling him outside the cot & singing a lullaby between stories & bed & he started to "need" that for night wakings, once I changed that to comforting in the cot & kissing 2 soft toys, we had a fast improvement.
I read another article by the same person, but don't have the issue & she talks about role playing with a soft toy & putting the toy to bed before the child & telling the child they have to try not to wake the toy & if they wake in the night maybe the toy needed a cuddle & woke them so give the toy a cuddle like Mummy would. I thought that was quite clever, but more for older toddlers I think.