Hi, these developmental leaps can play havoc with sleep can't they! It's very normal but very annoying but hopefully we can get you through it.
Could you please post your routine for us? And could you describe the fading technique a bit more (is it like gradual withdrawal?) - where did you get to with it, how was he falling asleep before the standing started? Was he going down awake and whining to himself in his own bed with you in the room, or were you more actively involved? When you say whining/crying was it hard crying like he really needed you or was it more of a 'letting off steam'/moaning?
My LO was sleeping independently when the standing phase began but with her we just did walk in, lie her down, walk out again. Then waited for her to cry for us, and repeated. Lots of times!! If he was previously settling on his own in bed but just with you in the room, there's no reason at all you can't do the same - just wait until he stands and cries, lie him back down, then return to your place in the room. I would try not to go back to BF to sleep - that is undoing a whole lot of hard work and will be much harder to get out of as he gets older.
A lot of people worry about LOs banging their heads in their crib but honestly there's not a whole lot of damage they can do to themselves and it doesn't happen as often as you would think. Yes there might be the odd minor bump but that's part of learning to stand and develop and you can't be there all the time to stop it. At some point he has to do it himself