If he is putting on the weight like that he is clearly getting enough calories so I don't think you need to worry about formula (he weighs more than my 12mo nephew!).
Yes those acronyms are correct.
My thoughts are that is a long day for him, you would ideally be looking at a 12 hrs day, but yours is more like 13.5. If he is up 6am I would have him in bed by 6pm. Also some of your A times are very long for his age esp the 3hrs one between 1 and 4. Most Lo are doing less at this age. More like 2hrs max.
http://babywhispererforums.com/index.php?topic=64158.msg476652#msg476652Waking frequently in the night can be a sign of OT and being unable to settle. Maybe you should try to limit his A's a little and see if this helps and it would also get him into bed earlier.
Don't have much experience with dummies sorry. But if he sleeps without if at naps/BT it shouln't really be the main issue I would think.
What cloth nappies are you using? We used to have major leakage until we switched wraps and now can do a 13hrs night easily.
What do you think?