Sorry, I don't have much to offer but a few points.
:arrow: It actually could be teething. My dd didn't wake at night either, just miserable all day, but then again it went on "forever" and still no teeth. You could try some pain reliever and see if it helps.
:arrow: I have a feeling that the sleep problems are a vicious cycle of overtiredness. He's waking too early, then overtired from nap to nap and unable to settle for a good sleep. That being said, what do you do? Well, I'm no expert, but I've read from others that extending the morning wake time is hard, so maybe you could try working on the naps. How does he wake from a nap? Crying? If someone could give you advice on extending the nap, something I was never successful at so I can't help there, then I think he'll sleep better and longer at night.
:arrow: I noticed he's bfing 3 times a day. Is he more active these days? It could be hunger.
HTH