Katherine, oh I never fighted with him too much:). It was quick assesment for us, i just needed to pat him, rub, take him on my hands and hug, until 3mo he used a dummy so I usually replugged it - if be was still crying it usually meant he is hungry.
When we were closer to 4mo and he was in sleep regression phase, for 10 days or more we has 2NW per night, usually around 1h each. He was looking as asleep during those NW and wanting to sleep, but could not settle for long. When I was rubbing him or touching his face, he usually calmed down and settled, than once again he was crying 5min later. It could take an hour but he wasn't crying like he'll, rather moaning... On and off. I was quite sure it wasn't hunger as he wasn't even too hungry in the morning when he finally woke up:).
So I would just try to resettle, any way you think is suitable. And if it's not working, just feed him. For us it was really a 1-2min decision as he either calmed down when I resettle or not:).